Basil

Scientific name: Ocimum basilicum

Other names: Anise Basil, White Basil, Sweet Basil, French Basil, Lemon basil,  Holy Basil, African Blue Basil.

Description:  One of the most widely-used culinary herb in the world. This annual herb of the mint family Lamiaceae (mint) is grown for its aromatic leaves. Growing 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, its leaves are ovate to oblong-ovate, entire or slightly toothed. The stems are tough and square and produce spikes of white flowers followed by small, black seeds. Fruits are nutlets, smooth or somewhat rugose. Inflorescence 20 cm long, corolla 4-5 cm long.

Basils may look almost identical but have distinct aromas, while others have the same aroma yet different in appearance. Many cultivars are available, often named after the type of aroma they emit.

Selected cultivars (from seed) include:
Sweet basils: Sweet, Genovese, Large-leaf, Mammoth
Purple foliage basils: Dark Opal, Purple Ruffles
Lemon basils: Lemon-Scented, Lemon, Sweet Dani
Others: Cinnamon basil, Spicy Bush, Camphor, Anise, Licorice

The green aromatic leaves are used either fresh or dried as flavorings, condiments or spices in salads, sauces, stews and even confectionery products. The essential oil of basil is used in perfumery, soaps and shampoos.

Parts used:
Leaves and seeds


Medicinal properties:
• The dried leaves contain 0.21–1% essential oil, the major compounds of which are linalool and methyl chavicol (estragole), at a ratio of 2 or 3:1
• Phytochemical analysis of leaves yielded several compound e.g. alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids.

• Leaves and seeds are considered stimulant and diuretic.
• Seeds are demulcent, mucilaginous, anticatarrhal, anti-cancer, hypotensive and are well known as refreshing. 
• Studies have shown sweet basil to possess analgesic, anti-dysmenorrhea, anti- hypochondria, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, cardiac stimulant, carminative, chemomodulatory, CNA depressant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and larvicidal activities.

Basil is a good source of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron.

Traditionally, basil has been used as a medicinal plant in treatment of constipation, coughs, diarrhea, headaches, kidney diseases, warts and in deworming. The oils can be mixed with camphor to enhance its antibacterial properties. It can also be used as an insect repellent.

Acne: Apply an infusion of 3 tsp of dried leaves in 1 cup of boiling water for 20-30 minutes.
Cough: Take either an infusion or decoction of herb (9-15 gm of dried herb).
Dizziness: Crush fresh leaves and sniff them.
Toothache: Wet small piece of cotton with juice of crushed leaves and placed over a tooth cavity.
Gas pains/ Deworming: Decoction of herb as tea helps to expel worms and reduce gas pains.


REMEMBER to always consult your doctor before using these herbs and medicinal plants.


Special Precautions & Warnings:
Basil is generally SAFE but consuming larger medicinal amounts are possibly UNSAFE. Basil contains estragole, a chemical which is found to cause liver cancer in laboratory mice.

Basil oils and extracts might make bleeding disorders worse and results in a low blood pressure. Thus, it is advised to stop using basil at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Taking basil extract along with medications used for lowering high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go even lower. Do not take too much basil if you are taking medications for high blood pressure.

Catnip

Scientific name: Nepeta cataria

Common names: catswort, catmint and field balm

Description: It is native to Central Europe, though now naturalized throughout the northeastern US and Canada.

Catnip is a strong-smelling herb that belongs to the mint family and grows to approximately 1 meter. This flowering perennial has oval-toothed, dark green leaves and white flowering tops.

This herb is commonly used to help calm cats down and reduce the effects of stress and anxiety because of its sedative effect. The chemical compound present in Catnip that attracts and affects cats is called nepetalactone. Thus, it is recommended for use in cat shelters to help make cats more relaxed in an unfamiliar setting.  Take note though that when a cat eats catnip, it acts as a sedative, but when it is just smelled, it causes the cat to go hyperactive.

Catnip also holds amazing benefits for human beings and is a very potent mosquito repellent.

The shoots/leaves have been used as a flavoring in sauces, soups, and stews, as  as well as in fruit table wines and liquors.

The fresh young shoots with its aromatic mint-like flavor are good in salads too.


Parts used: Leaves, flowers and stem


Medicinal properties and Health Benefits: 

Catnip has long been thought to have medicinal properties.

The leaves and flowering tops are sedative, antispasmodic, antitussive,  diaphoretic, astringent, carminative, slightly emmenagogue, refrigerant, slightly stimulant and tonic. Its plant constituents include Nepetalactone, Nepetalic acid, Alpha- & beta- Citral, Geraniol, Dipentene,Limonene, Citronella, Nerol, a terpene, Valeric acid,  Acetic acid, Butyric acid, and Tannin.

The catnip's dried leaves and flowers are made into herbal teas to treat intestinal cramps, indigestion, diarrhea, headache and common colds as well as to cause sweating, to induce menstruation, as a sedative, and to increase appetite.

The dried leaves have been smoked to relieve respiratory ailments, and has been used externally as a poultice to reduce swelling.

Traditional doses for sedation require 4 grams of dried herb that is made into tea.


How to make Catnip tea:

Mix 2 teaspoons of dried catnip leaves or flowers with 1 cup of boiling water. Steep for 10 to 15 minutes. Add lemon juice and honey.

Some people prefer drinking the tea when the lemon has been immersed for a longer time for the natural minty, citrusy flavor to come out.


Sleep Aid
Catnip has been used by people with insomnia. Its sedative effect helps slow down the body’s natural cycles and induce a calm, relaxed state.

Stress Relief
Catnip reduces stress and chronic anxiety as well as strengthens the immune system.

Speeds up Healing (Flu and colds)
Catnip induces sweating and gets the toxins flushed from the system.

Increased Sweating And Weight Loss
Catnip has diaphoretic property that makes one sweat more. Thus, it removes all harmful toxins from the body and improves metabolism. With improved metabolism, the body will burn fats much more quickly.

Headache/Migraine 
Drinking catnip tea or rubbing Catnip essential oil or leaf salve on the temples can offer quick relief.

Heals Digestive Problems
The organic compounds in catnip has relaxing, anti-inflammatory effects to  relieve tightness and discomfort of the gastrointestinal system.

Menstrual cramps/Irregular periods 
Catnip tea is a natural remedy to quickly relieve cramps and stresses in the body. Its sedative and calming effects can also soothe mood swings, depression and other symptoms of menstruation.

Treats Skin Conditions
Aside from Catnip's natural repellent quality, it also has organic compounds to soothe bug bits, relieve skin of irritation and reduce inflammation quickly.

Beneficial For Kidneys
Catnip is a diuretic meaning it promotes urination and quickly eliminating wastes from the body.

Anti-dandruff
Catnip has antiseptic properties that is good for irritated scalp and those with dandruff. The catnip tea can also be used as a conditioner.

Side effects/Precaution:
It's recommended to drink catnip tea at night as this will make one drowsy.

However, since it's also a diuretic it would cause frequent urination and  frequent trips to the bathroom/interrupted sleep.

You should not drink catnip tea if you’re pregnant, as it can cause uterine contractions that may result in premature labor.

Stop drinking catnip tea for several weeks before surgery, so that it doesn’t interfere with or intensify anesthesia and the central nervous system.

Always consult your doctor prior to taking any medications and avoid self-medication.